3D compass cells found in the bat brain

“All mammals – including, probably, humans – have a global positioning system in their brains, which consists of at least three different cellular components. John O’Keefe, a neuroscientist at University College London, discovered the first component of the brain’s GPS in 1971. While recording nerve cell activity in the hippocampus of freely moving rats, he found neurons that fire only when the animals are in a specific area of their enclosure, and speculated that these ‘place’ cells play an important role in creating mental maps of the environment.”

http://www.theguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy/2014/dec/03/3d-compass-cells-bat-brain

Is Starving a Dog Art? Depends, Art Professor Says

“Costa Rican artist Guillermo Vargas has been accused of creating a sensation — not art — after he reportedly tied up a stray dog and left it to starve.”

Should a piece featuring a starving dog be considered art? Is it ethical? Does it matter that the dog was a starving stray dog before being brought to the gallery? What if the artwork inspired people to take positive actions? Or become aware of their own apathy?

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89830782

Texas judge says animal snuff films are constitutional”

In a shocking decision in a case against a Houston couple, a judge ruled that animal snuff, or ‘crush’ films, are protected by the First Amendment.

Animal lovers and decent human beings in general are appalled and disgusted that this ruling allows people to film animal torture, which might otherwise be a crime, as long as it is called ‘art.'”

Should films depicting the death of animals be considered art? Would limitations, even ones most people find objectionable, stifle artistic expression?

http://www.lifewithdogs.tv/2013/04/texas-judge-says-animal-snuff-films-are-constitutional/

Yes, animals were harmed: 21 films and TV shows that killed or hurt animals

Should we tolerate animals being hurt in the production of art?

Does it matter that many of the animals who were hurt or killed in these productions were unintentional?

Some of these movies were made long ago when standards were different from what we consider ethical today. Is it unethical for us to enjoy watching these films and shows today?

http://www.avclub.com/articles/yes-animals-were-harmed-21-films-and-tv-shows-that,72051/